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A hybrid vehicle (HV) is a vehicle that uses two distinct power sources such as : more...
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An on-board rechargeable energy storage system (RESS) and a fueled power source for vehicle propulsion;
Human powered bicycle with battery assist;
A sail boat with electric power;
The term most commonly refers to petroleum electric hybrid vehicle, also called Hybrid-electric vehicle (HEV) which use internal combustion engines and electric batteries to power electric motors.
The term hybrid when used in relation with cars also has other uses. Prior to its modern meaning of hybrid propulsion, the word hybrid was used in the United States to mean a vehicle of mixed national origin; generally, a European car fitted with American mechanical components. This meaning has fallen out of use. In the import scene, hybrid was often used to describe an engine swap. Some have also referred to flexible-fuel vehicles as hybrids because they can use a mixture of different fuels — typically gasoline and ethanol alcohol fuel.
Two-wheeled vehicles
Mopeds and Power-assisted bicycles can be considered hybrid vehicles in a sense, because power is delivered both via a conventional or electric motor and the rider's muscles (see also Electric bicycle).
Types
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There are many ways to create an electric-internal combustion hybrid. The variety of electric-ICE designs can be differentiated by the structure of the powertrain, the degree of hybridization and the mode of operation. The main categories are series hybrids and parallel hybrids, with combined hybrids having common characteristics of series and parallel designs.
Hybrids other than electric-internal combustion exist, for example hydraulic and pneumatic hybrids, where compressed fluids and compressed air, respectively, are used for energy storage with regenerative braking.
Engines and fuel sources
Gasoline
Gasoline engines are used in most hybrid designs, and will likely remain dominant for the foreseeable future. While petroleum-derived gasoline is the primary fuel, it is possible to mix in varying levels of ethanol created from renewable energy sources. Like most modern ICE-powered vehicles, hybrids can typically use up to about 15% bioethanol. Manufacturers may move to flexible fuel engines, which would increase allowable ratios, but no plans are in place at present.
Nowadays petroleum gasoline engines can use directly biobutanol (see direct biofuel).
Read more at Wikipedia.org
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