Iron-Cementite meta-stable diagram.
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Cast Iron

Cast iron usually refers to grey cast iron, but identifies a large group of ferrous alloys, which solidify with a eutectic. Iron accounts for more than 95%, while the main alloying elements are carbon and silicon. The amount of carbon in cast irons is the range 2. more...

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1 - 4%, as ferrous alloys with less are denoted carbon steel by definition. Cast irons contain appreciable amounts of silicon, normally 1 - 3%, and consequently these alloys should be considered ternary Fe-C-Si alloys.

Despite this, the principles of cast iron solidification is understood from the binary iron-carbon phase diagram, where the eutectic point lies at 1154 °C and 4.3 wt% carbon. Since cast iron has nearly this composition, its melting temperature of 1150 to 1200 °C is about 300 degrees lower than the melting point of pure iron. Cast iron tends to be brittle, unless the name of the particular alloy suggests otherwise. The color of a fracture surface can be used to identify an alloy: carbide impurities allow cracks to pass straight through, resulting in a smooth, "white" surface, while graphite flakes deflect a passing crack and initiate countless new cracks as the material breaks, resulting in a rough surface that appears grey.

With its low melting point, good fluidity, castability, excellent machinability and wear resistance, cast irons have become an engineering material with a wide range of applications, including pipes, machine and car parts.

Production

Cast iron is made by remelting pig iron, often along with substantial quantities of scrap iron and scrap steel, and taking various steps to remove undesirable contaminants such as phosphorus and sulfur. Carbon and silicon content are reduced to the desired levels, which may be anywhere from 2% to 3.5% for carbon and 1% to 3% for silicon depending on the application. Other elements are then added to the melt before the final form is produced by casting.

Iron is most commonly melted in a small blast furnace known as a cupola (see blast furnace for more details). After melting is complete, the molten iron is removed or ladled from the forehearth of the blast furnace. This process was devised by the the Chinese, whose innovative ideas revolutionized the field of metallurgy. Previously, iron was melted in an air furnace, which is a type of reverberatory furnace.

Varieties of cast iron

Grey cast iron

Silicon is essential to making of grey cast iron as opposed to white cast iron. Silicon causes the carbon to rapidly come out of solution as graphite, leaving a matrix of relatively pure, soft iron. Weak bonding between planes of graphite lead to a high activation energy for growth in that direction, resulting in thin, round flakes. This structure has several useful properties.

Read more at Wikipedia.org


HOT WHEELS VINTAGE RED LINE "THE DEMON" 1969 $1.99 HOT WHEELS RED LINE VINTAGE 32 FORD VICKY $1.99
Salesman Sample/ Rare Antique Quick-Meal Toy Stove NR $3,000.00 Antique Metal Cast Iron Toy Fire Truck $9.95
Antique Metal Cast Iron Toy Wagon Very Old $9.95 Antique Metal Pair of Toy Airplanes Mister Mulligan $9.95
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antique1925 cast iron santa claus piggy bank christmas $19.99 Vintage Dorman Industries Grinder $9.99
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TOY CAST IRON Flat Iron TRIVET ANTIQUE miniature $19.99 Vintage CAST METAL - Toy DOG figure Brown Spots 2" long $6.95
arcade TD 18 crawler-orginal driver-rubber tracks $1,000.00 3 cast Metal FARM ANIMALS Sheep ENGLAND Chicken & Duck $4.95
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Early Grey Iron "Indian Mounted" Vintage Cast Iron Toy $40.00 Lot 55 Cast Iron Miniatures Pots Scales etc $9.99
1927 ARCADE Antique toy catalog $12.00 1940 Arcade Antique Toy catalog $8.99
1929 ARCADE ANTIQUE TOY CATALOG $8.99 Antique Cast Iron Racer 8 1/2 in. long for repair $1.25
Cast Iron Acrobat Bank, Collectible Cast Iron Bank $4.99 Vintage Conestoga Cast Iron Covered Wagon $5.00
Cast Iron Toys Horse & Sitting Women In Red Coat $6.50 Vintage ALL Metal Toy Gun / Bayonette $12.00
Vintage Die Cast TOY SOLDIER ~ Lot of 8 Soldiers $9.99 1913 KENTON Antique toy catalog $9.99
CAST IRON DELIVERY TRUCK_Coca~Cola Collector Car~MINT $9.99 Vintage QUEEN Cast Iron SALESMAN SAMPLE STOVE Toy Stove $18.00
Grey Iron THREE DUCKS American Family on the Ranch R-16 $145.00 "Colored Man Digging" Grey Iron American Family at Home $19.99
"Woman with Basket" Grey Iron American Family at Home $15.99 "Man with Watering Can" Grey Iron American Family Home $15.99
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Vintage 4.5" Long Toy Cast Iron Tractor Nice $12.95 "Porter" Grey Iron American Family Travels Original $19.99
2 CAST IRON RIVERBOATS--NEED RESTORATION $3.00 Cast Metal Dog Spaniel? Looks Like Hunting Dog VERY OLD $9.99
CAST IRON WAGON WITH DRIVER $3.00 Vintage Cast Iron Toy Buck Board Wagon Buckboard MFCO $4.99
CAST IRON LOCOMOTIVE NEEDS ASSEMBLY OR FOR PARTS $2.00 Cast Iron and Brass Cannon MFCO c-1/6 Ft. Pulaski $6.99
VINTAGE MINIATURE CAST IRON SAD IRON OR FLAT IRON $14.99 CAST IRON mini Coal Stove & Coal Bucket $6.00
Two Vintage Cast Iron Police Motorcycles with Riders $14.99 MOTHER GOOSE LAND STORYTOWN MINIATURE CAST IRON SKILLET $9.99
Cast iron rocket car $5.99 TINY CAST IRON FRYING PAN MARKED MADE IN USA 701 $9.99
castiron fire engine/metal wheels/childs toy $5.00 X-TRA RARE!! CAST IRON DISNEY CHARACTER LOT. ORIGINAL!! $49.99
arcade-red McCormick deering-manure spreader and team $300.00 tootsietoy semi trailer $19.99
RARE Arcade large size The Monocoupe Airplane NR $113.50 10 Piece Queen Cast Iron Antique Toy Stove $24.99
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Old Toy Washing Machine / ringer - Original - Arcade? $29.99 2 CAST IRON TOY MINI TOMMY GUN MACHINE GUN $9.99
Cast Iron Toy Train $15.99 CAST IRON ARCADE TABLE AND BENCHES $2.00
2 CAST IRON TRAIN ENGINES FOR REPAIR / PARTS $2.00 5 VINTAGE CAST IRON MINITURE SOLDIERS 2 INCHES TALL $9.99
CAST IRON ANDY GUMP GRILL AND BACK PLATE PARTS $3.00 VINTAGE CAST IRON HOOK AND LADDER FIRE WAGON $16.99
VINTAGE CAST IRON HORSE-DRAWN BEER WAGON $14.00 LEFT & RIGHT SIDE REPLACEMENT HOODS #5 RACER CAST IRON $3.00
VINTAGE CAST IRON TOY TRAIN ~~ 5 CARS~~ $12.99 CAST IRON CARASOL HORSE $9.99
Antique Arcade Cast Iron Farm Toy FORD Tractor Farmer $9.99 John Deere antique cast iron toy tractor new $9.95
1:16 John Deere Model "A" with Man Gold $35.00 Early Cast Iron Toy WWI Bayonet & Rifle Letter Opener ? $4.99
Cast Iron older police wagon 3 cops Driver 3 horses $9.99 Old 3 5/8" diameter cast iron play dishes Pot 1930's $9.99
Queen Cast Iron Stove Minature with Accessories $5.99 VINTAGE ANTIQUE CAST IRON SAILOR BANK 5 INCHES TALL $29.99
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Prices current as of last update, 11/16/08 5:06am.


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